A serious question for Muslims & Christians

The Islamic Dilemma: What does the Quran say about the Bible?

The Quran speaks respectfully of the Torah and the Gospel, and even instructs people to judge by them. At the same time, many Muslims today believe the Bible has been corrupted. These two ideas create what is often called “the Islamic Dilemma.”

This site is not about attacking anyone. It is an invitation to think carefully about what the Quran says, what the Bible says, and how those claims can (or cannot) fit together.

Quran and earlier revelation

How the Quran speaks about the Torah and the Gospel

Before we explain the Islamic Dilemma, we must fairly represent what the Quran itself says about the books that came before it. According to the Quran:

1. The Torah and the Gospel are from God

The Quran teaches that God revealed the Tawrat (Torah) and the Injil (Gospel) as true guidance:

  • Surah 3:3–4 – Allah is said to have revealed the Torah and the Gospel before the Quran as a guidance for mankind.
  • Surah 2:136 – Muslims are told to affirm what was given to Moses, Jesus, and the prophets.

So from the Quran’s perspective, Christians and Jews are people who received genuine revelation from God.

2. People are told to judge by those scriptures

The Quran goes further and instructs certain people to judge by what God revealed in the Torah and Gospel:

  • Surah 5:43–44 – The Jews are said to “have the Torah” and are told to judge by it.
  • Surah 5:47 – “Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein.”

These are not just historical comments; they’re commands given in Muhammad’s own time to the communities around him.

Key point: The Quran does not speak of a missing, unknown book that nobody possesses. It speaks of scriptures that the Jews and Christians of Muhammad’s day actually had and were supposed to follow and judge by.
Logical tension

What is “the Islamic Dilemma” exactly?

In modern Islamic teaching, it is common to hear that the Bible has been corrupted (taḥrīf)—either the text has been changed, or the message has been lost. This claim creates a serious tension with the Quran’s own statements about the earlier scriptures.

The dilemma in simple form

We can summarize the Islamic Dilemma like this:

  • Premise 1: The Quran affirms the Torah and the Gospel as God-given revelation and tells people to judge by them.
  • Premise 2: Muslims today often claim the Bible we have is corrupted and cannot be trusted.

From here, two options appear:

  • Option A: The Bible was not corrupted at the time of Muhammad (and is substantially preserved today). Then the Bible contradicts the Quran on crucial issues, which undermines Islamic claims.
  • Option B: The Bible was corrupted before or during Muhammad’s time. Then the Quran seems mistaken for affirming those scriptures and sending people back to them as reliable guidance.

Why this matters

The dilemma is not about minor details. It strikes at the heart of which revelation we can trust about God, sin, and salvation:

  • The Bible teaches that Jesus is the Son of God and that He died for our sins and rose again.
  • The Quran denies both the divine Sonship of Jesus and His crucifixion in the way the New Testament describes.

If both the Quran and the Bible are true, we face direct contradictions. If only one is true, a Muslim or a Christian must rethink their foundations.

The challenge: Can Islam consistently affirm the earlier scriptures, reject the Christian message, and still maintain that the Quran is correct about the Bible?
Engaging fairly

Common Muslim responses & questions to consider

Many Muslims are aware of this tension and try to respond to it in different ways. We want to represent those responses fairly, and then ask some honest questions in return.

Typical Muslim responses

  • 1
    “Only the original Injil is affirmed.”
    Some say the Quran affirms a lost book given to Jesus, not the four Gospels we have today.
  • 2
    “The text was corrupted after Muhammad.”
    Others claim the Bible was changed after the time of the Quran, so Muhammad’s commands were valid then but not now.
  • 3
    “It’s the interpretation, not the text.”
    Another view is that the text is mostly preserved, but Christians have badly misinterpreted it.

These responses deserve careful consideration—but they also raise new problems that must be faced honestly.

Honest questions to ask

  • 1
    If the real Injil is lost, why does the Quran speak as though the Christians of Muhammad’s day still had it and should judge by it (Surah 5:47)?
  • 2
    If the text was corrupted after Muhammad, why do we possess manuscripts of the Bible that pre-date Islam and match what we have today?
  • 3
    If the problem is just “interpretation,” why does the Quran directly deny core teachings (the Son of God, the cross, the Trinity) instead of merely correcting a misunderstanding?

These are not hostile questions. They are necessary questions for anyone who wants to follow the truth wherever it leads.

Our aim: We love Muslim people and respect their devotion. At the same time, we believe the Quran’s treatment of the Bible creates a dilemma that only the Christian gospel truly resolves.
Clarifications

Frequently asked questions

Is this site anti-Muslim?

No. Critiquing a belief system is not the same as attacking the people who hold it. This site is written from a Christian perspective that loves Muslim people enough to ask hard questions and to point to Jesus as the only sufficient Savior.

Do Christians believe the Quran is from God?

No. Christians believe that God has spoken finally and fully through the Lord Jesus Christ and that the inspired Scriptures are the Old and New Testaments. We see the Quran as a human book that contains many serious errors about God, Christ, and the gospel—even while it says some true things about earlier revelation.

What if I’m a Muslim reading this and I feel defensive or angry?

Those feelings are understandable. Our invitation is: pause, breathe, and investigate. Read what the Quran says about the earlier scriptures. Read the Bible itself—especially the Gospel of John and the Letter to the Romans. Ask God sincerely to lead you into truth, whatever the cost.

What do you want me to do with this information?

Don’t ignore it. If the Islamic Dilemma is real, then you must decide whether to trust the Quran, the Bible, or neither. Our plea as Christians is: come to Jesus Christ, who fulfilled the Law and the Prophets, died for sinners, and rose from the dead. He is able to save fully all who come to Him.

Next steps

Resources & further study

If you want to dig deeper into the Islamic Dilemma, the reliability of the Bible, and the claims of Jesus, here are some suggested next steps. You can replace these placeholders with your own links, sermons, or articles.

For Christians sharing with Muslims
Guide: How to present the Islamic Dilemma graciously Practical tips on tone, questions to ask, and how to keep Christ at the center. (Coming Soon)
Quick reference sheet (PDF) Key Quran verses, Bible passages, and the logic of the dilemma in one page.
Further apologetics resources Links to books, debates, and lectures on Islam and Christianity. (Coming Soon)
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